Hi,
It seems this thread fell under the radar. Are you still having this issue?
I was able to run my XDS100/F28335 controlCARD on Ubuntu 14.04/64 bits and I got no problems.
A few details: did you install CCS as sudo or as user? If as user, you must run the install_script.sh as superuser (the installer mentions this). This script will install the XDS100 drivers and allow access to them for all users.
The issue above would also be evidenced if you are able to connect when starting CCS as superuser (and not as user).
Is /dev/ttyUSB1 also available together with /dev/ttyUSB0? This happens with my XDS100 and it is due to the fact that the FTDI device has two serial connections. If you only see one serial USB port, it is possible something else may be connected and (maybe) conflicting with your XDS100.
I would also double-check if the udev rules are properly installed. Check if the file /etc/udev/rules.d/71-ti-permissions.rules exists and its contents are somewhat similar to what is shown in the screenshot below:
Apart from this I am unsure what else may be happening.
Hope this helps,
Rafael