It is very difficult to give a precise answer for such situations. Usually printf issues do come down to insufficient stack and heap spaces. Other tips for troubleshooting printf issues can be found here: http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Tips_for_using_printf
I would suggest other debugging methods to verify if the code itself is functioning correctly. For example, nstead of running the code, you could try stepping through it and checking if variables/memory/register values are as expected. Maybe try setting breakpoints at certain points in the code and check if the values are as expected when halted there. This could help isolate if there is more to the problem then just printf not working.