Hi,
Since you mentioned Visual Studio, there is a third party tool that enables real time debugging, meaning it runs in parallel to your application and can be used to sample and inject data remotely into the module.
Since the tool is not linked in any way to the debugger, you can use both the VS Debugger and the tool.
Check vsdevaids.webs.com for more details if you feel interested.
It even features real time graphs of app internal data, waveform stimulus injection and many more.